Whales and dolphins in the North Sea on the increase
A project
to map the presence of whales and dolphins off the North
East coast
has recorded sightings of no fewer than 614 individual creatures
in the space
of 12 months.
The
Newcastle University project was led by Joanna Stockill,
of the University's
Dove Marine Laboratory, at Cullercoats, which is located
on the coast near Tynemouth.
Joanna enlisted
the help of local fishermen and members of Royal Northumberland
Yacht
Club to carry out the study, as part of a project entitled:
The North Sea: A Sustainable
Future which is supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund.
They were given guidelines
about species identification, and asked to complete
questionnaires each time they
made sightings of whales or dolphins while at sea.
The
purpose of the study was to encourage people who use
the North Sea regularly, for
work or recreation, to put forward suggestions for
the management of the coastal waters
in order the protect their future.
Whales and
dolphins are protected under international and European
regulations, but
we want to find out if anything can be done on a
local scale. That is why we are
asking people who use the sea on a regular basis
to come up with ideas for
raising awareness of the presence of whales and
dolphins in the local
environment, says Joanna.
Some of the
suggestions put forward include installing information
boards on Blyth
promenade showing the species that can be seen
off the coast, producing leaflets
for distribution in libraries and other public
places, such as supermarkets, and
preparing education packs for use in schools.
The study
recorded sightings of six different species in an area
stretching from
North Northumberland to Whitby North Yorkshire.
The species recorded were harbour
porpoise, Common dolphin, Bottlenose dolphin,
Risso's dolphin, Long-finned pilot
whales and White-beaked dolphin.
Linda Lane
Thornton, honorary secretary of the Royal Northumberland
Yacht Club,
and her husband, Andy, go out most weekends
during the sailing season in their
yacht, Layback. Mrs Lane Thornton said: We
have been sailing from Blyth for three
years, and we have definitely seen an increase
in the numbers of whales and dolphins.
The general feeling among yacht club members
is that there are more about now.
Mrs Lane Thornton also spotted for the first
time - and managed to photograph -
a White-beaked dolphin with its calf off the
coast of Embleton.
Rising water
temperature and the abundance of food, such as herring
and mackerel,
now available are thought to be among the
factors responsible for the increased
numbers of whales and dolphins being reported
from some parts of the North Sea.
White beaked
dolphins were the most frequently-sighted species, including
one
particular sighting of a school - or group
- of around 250 dolphins, 25 miles
off Cullercoats, reported by fisherman
Kevin Dickenson.
Other local
fishermen have also confirmed that they see large schools
of dolphins
migrating to and from the central North
Sea at the start and end of summer.
Peter Evans,
Science Director of the Sea Watch Foundation, which monitors
whale and dolphin distribution around
the British Isles assisted with the
identification process. Dr Evans said:
Numbers of white-beaked dolphins
tend to build up in late summer, often
associated with aggregations of
mackerel or herring. They are the
commonest dolphin in the North Sea,
ranging over wide areas particularly
in the northern and central parts.
Perhaps the
most surprising statistic revealed by the study was the
number
of sightings of Risso's dolphin
- a flat-nosed dolphin which can
grow
to
up to
3.8 metres in length - which accounted
for 12 per cent of the total sightings.
Risso's dolphins are primarily a
warm water species, with few records
from
the
North Sea, so that could indicate
that the North Sea is getting warmer,
said Joanna. The sightings of common
dolphin also support this theory,
because
they are more usually found off
the South West of England, where
the waters
are
warmer, extending in midsummer to
the west coast of Scotland, but
rarely into
the North Sea, but in recent years,
sightings have become more regular
off North
East Britain.
Blyth fisherman,
Stephen Moss, whose trawler Green Pastures is the only
large trawler
still fishing out of Blyth Harbour,
says the presence of Risso's dolphins
in the
North
Sea could also be because of an
increase in the numbers of squid,
which are
an important
food source for Risso's, as well
as for White-beaked and common
dolphins and the
Long-finned pilot whale.
The sea is
changing, said Mr Moss, As well as squid, we are now seeing
commercial
quantities of red mullet, and
occasionally pilchard. This
year, we were catching
mackerel
until Christmas, so we are definitely
seeing change in the water temperature.
The study
also asked participants to record details of the behaviour
of the
creatures
they spotted. Joanna comments:
The survey reported fairly
standard behaviour in
most
cases, which helps us to be
confident of our identification
process.
For example,
Harbour Porpoise are a shallow
water species, most commonly
found swimming
slowly
close to the coast, and most
of our sightings of them fitted
this
pattern
of behaviour.
We did also
record more varied activity among white-beaked
dolphins, Risso's
dolphins
and common dolphins. These
species had more interaction
with vessels,
such
as following
the boat, rubbing on the
hull, or even trying to
score the
occasional fish
that escaped
from
the nets as they were being
hauled in, she added.
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